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a cache of usenet and other text files pertaining
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To: soc.religion.eastern From: Hun Lye (lyeh@alleg.edu) Subj: Hua-hu Ching (Chinese Buddhism) (0000.bdsmchn.hl) Date: unknown There are in fact many versions of the Hua-hu Ching. Literally, the title of this book means "Classic of Transforming the Barbarians." Historically, the many versions of the Hua-hu Ching appeared as a reaction to the advent of Buddhism in China. The Tao-te Ching was supposedly given by Lao-tzu to an official guarding the western borders of China when Lao-tzu was heading out of China proper. Picking up from this myth, the Hua-hu Ching claims that after exiting China, Lao-tzu went to India to "transform (convert) the barbarians." Accordingly, the Buddha is actually Lao-tzu in disguised and Buddhim is actually teachings that Lao-tzu gave to the barbarians (hence unfit for the "superior" Chinese people). The Hua-hu Ching which Cris has *might* not contain this story as there are many versions of this classic. But as far as historians and record can tell, the original Hua-hu Ching appeared as a response to the growing and threatening influence of Buddhism in China. The Buddhists at that time responded by "translating" some sutras that supposedly claimed that "ACTUALLY... Lao-tzu is Mahakashyapa in disguised and that the Buddha had instructed him to go to China to prepare the Chinese for the coming of Buddhism by first teaching them the "lesser" teachings as contained in Taoism). And in fact, throughout the T'ang dynasty (about 600 - 900 AD), Buddhists and Taoists have argued both in and out of the imperial court for the "authenticity" of both the Hua-hu Ching and those sutras referring to Mahakasyapa as the true identity of Lao-tzu. For further info on the Hua-hu Ching and those sutras, Kenneth Chen's "Buddhism in China," and most history books dealing with Buddhism in China (like Zurcher's "Buddhist Conquest of China," and Matsumoto's "History of early Chinese Buddhism" and others) are good. Also, T. Barrett's forthcoming chapter on Taoism and Buddhism in the T'ang and Sui in the Cambridge History of China should have good stuff on these texts. Hun Lye lyeh@alleg.edu
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