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To: alt.magick.tyagi,alt.religion.buddhism,alt.philosophy.zen From: tyagi@houseofkaos.abyss.com (nagasiva) Subject: JNeatrour: Buddhist Sects Date: 12 Jan 1996 15:04:31 -0800 [from talk.religion.buddhism: jneatrou@casbah.acns.nwu.edu (John Neatrour)] [Prefacing post of a series] I promised a taxonomy of Buddhist sects based on doctrinal distinctions and here is a first installment. I have used as my principal sources: The Shambala Dictionary of Buddhism and Zen - Shambala - 1991 Buddhist Thought in India - Conze - U of Mich Press - (c) 1962 The History of Buddhist Philosophy - Kalupahana - Hawaii Mahayana Buddhism - Williams - Routledge - 1989 Buddhist Sutras - Kogen Mizuno - 1982 While these may not represent the very latest scholarship, it provides a stable average of recent scholarly opinion not likely to alter too quickly. Since there have been some recent discussions about the Hindu context of Buddhism I have included a prefatory diagram to indicate differences within the Indian context. This should be regarded as a work in progress, it is not complete. My design was to present: clear doctrinal distinctions, distinctions in evaluating acts (does it depend on the actor, action, or the object of action?), lists consisting of the founder, time and geographic activity, doctrines, texts (sutras and commentaries), ways in which Mahayana schools were influenced, and indian philosophic influences were also developed but are at present incomplete. There are evidences of disagreement (not a bad thing) at very early stages in the development of Buddhism. Later with the rise of the systematizing tendencies of the Abhidharma schools there was overt doctrinal division. Abhidharma is the scholastic systematization of the Dharma, BTW. Looking over the literature it seems to me that there is an early period of fragmentation (pre Mahayana) followed by a period where the different doctrinal strands are re-collected to form the Mahayana schools many of which seem to aim at a higher synthesis, a non-sectarian Buddhism. I have also done some work on the Mahayana schools which I will post as it becomes complete. NONE of these schools are non Buddhist in my view. All have equal claim to be founded by the historic Buddha whether they call him Gautama or Shakyamuni. Thus the founder listed is the one who most clearly articulated the flavor of the school. The 'original' Buddhist school does not exist. What one sees in the Abhidharma developments is an increasing reliance on chop logic that wrenches statements out of the context that gives them meaning. It has been remarkable to note that many of the doctrinally difficult points that led to debate have supporting passages in the Agamas, the earliest sutras. So despite the activity of the Abhidharmists, my personal impression is that the differences are treatable (from the practical point of view if not the scholarly) as mere differences of emphasis. Although this study has the form then of an Abhidharma exercise of sorts, it has had the paradoxical and pleasant effect of inducing a certain weariness with Abhidharma exercises. They seem to have led to the unnecessary factionalization of Buddhism. The Sautrantikas, recalling that in the Mahaparinirvana Sutra the Buddha advised reliance on the teachings (Sutras) and the discipline (Vinaya) rejected Abhidharma activity as inadvisable. Maybe it is so. So on to the diagrams: jn -- To ensure my response CC all public replies to email (READ alt.magick.tyagi) (emailed replies may be posted) * http://www.hollyfeld.org/~tyagi/nagasiva.html INTENTIONAL .SIG PROTEST: FUCK SHIT PISS COCKSUCKER MOTHERFUCKER TITS CUNT Path: shell.portal.com!shell.portal.com!not-for-mail From: tyagi@houseofkaos.abyss.com (nagasiva) Newsgroups: alt.magick.tyagi,alt.religion.buddhism,alt.philosophy.zen Subject: JNeatrour: Buddhist Sects Followup-To: alt.magick.tyagi,alt.religion.buddhism,alt.philosophy.zen,talk.religion.buddhism Date: 12 Jan 1996 15:07:02 -0800 Organization: Portal Communications (shell) Lines: 32 Sender: tyagi@shell.portal.com Message-ID: <4d6pim$en7@jobe.shell.portal.com> References: <4cvaln$5qo@news.acns.nwu.edu> <4cvapj$5s8@news.acns.nwu.edu> Reply-To: jneatrou@casbah.acns.nwu.edu (John Neatrour) NNTP-Posting-Host: jobe.shell.portal.com Xref: shell.portal.com alt.magick.tyagi:6183 alt.religion.buddhism:125 alt.philosophy.zen:5659 [from talk.religion.buddhism: jneatrou@casbah.acns.nwu.edu (John Neatrour)] [First of a series] The Indian Context: The Origin of the World: /\ / \ is knowable absolutely. / \ is unknowable absolutely. /\ [ Buddhism ] / \ / \ / \ is created./ \ is uncreated. | [ some later Buddhists ] | --------------------------------------------------- | | | | from Being. from Non-Being from both. from neither. | \ . [Jainism] [Vedanta] | \ . | \ . | \ . Materialist Spiritualist . . . . joined by desire [Upanisads] -- To ensure my response CC all public replies to email (READ alt.magick.tyagi) (emailed replies may be posted) * http://www.hollyfeld.org/~tyagi/nagasiva.html INTENTIONAL .SIG PROTEST: FUCK SHIT PISS COCKSUCKER MOTHERFUCKER TITS CUNT Path: shell.portal.com!shell.portal.com!not-for-mail From: tyagi@houseofkaos.abyss.com (nagasiva) Newsgroups: alt.magick.tyagi,alt.religion.buddhism,alt.philosophy.zen Subject: JNeatrour: Buddhist Sects Followup-To: alt.magick.tyagi,alt.religion.buddhism,alt.philosophy.zen,talk.religion.buddhism Date: 12 Jan 1996 15:08:47 -0800 Organization: Portal Communications (shell) Lines: 61 Sender: tyagi@shell.portal.com Message-ID: <4d6plv$et2@jobe.shell.portal.com> References: <4cvaln$5qo@news.acns.nwu.edu <4cvapj$5s8@news.acns.nwu.edu> <4cvat4$5t0@news.acns.nwu.edu> Reply-To: jneatrou@casbah.acns.nwu.edu (John Neatrour) NNTP-Posting-Host: jobe.shell.portal.com Xref: shell.portal.com alt.magick.tyagi:6184 alt.religion.buddhism:126 alt.philosophy.zen:5660 [from talk.religion.buddhism: jneatrou@casbah.acns.nwu.edu (John Neatrour)] [Second of a series] The Pre Mahayana Sects ( 0 BE) Parinirvana of Shakyamuni Buddha | Early Buddhism | | / \ / \ (70-100 BE) Sthavira Mahasanghika \ / | (conflict over rules is resolved without split) | | (Conze 140 BE) / \--->[Issue: What is a (SD 280-40 BCE) / \ liberated person?] / \ / \ Sthavira Branch Mahasanghika Branch Transcendentalists (arahantship is the highest (the Sthaviras attribute attainment of practice) excessive perfection to (the Buddha has no \ advanced practitioners) transcendece) \ (the Buddha has transcendece: \ is not tainted by living in \ the world) \ \ (SD 240 BCE) / \---> [Issue: What is the nature / \ personal continuity?] / \ / \ Sthavira Vatsiputriya / Pudgalavada Branch Personalists (claim the 'person' is a self (accepts no-self but also assert substance in disguise) a sense in which it is appropriate | to speak of a person existing) | | | (Conze 236 BE) / \-----> [Issue: What is the nature of (SD 240 BCE) / \ the reality of elements that / \ constitute a person?] / \ Sarvastivada Branch Vibhajyavada Branch Absolute Realists Analytical Realists (past, present, (past, present, and and future exist future are differentiated) simultaneously) -- To ensure my response CC all public replies to email (READ alt.magick.tyagi) (emailed replies may be posted) * http://www.hollyfeld.org/~tyagi/nagasiva.html INTENTIONAL .SIG PROTEST: FUCK SHIT PISS COCKSUCKER MOTHERFUCKER TITS CUNT Path: shell.portal.com!shell.portal.com!not-for-mail From: tyagi@houseofkaos.abyss.com (nagasiva) Newsgroups: alt.magick.tyagi,alt.religion.buddhism,alt.philosophy.zen Subject: JNeatrour: Buddhist Sects Followup-To: alt.magick.tyagi,alt.religion.buddhism,alt.philosophy.zen,talk.religion.buddhism Date: 12 Jan 1996 15:10:21 -0800 Organization: Portal Communications (shell) Lines: 59 Sender: tyagi@shell.portal.com Message-ID: <4d6pot$f7a@jobe.shell.portal.com> References: <4cvaln$5qo@news.acns.nwu.edu> <4cvapj$5s8@news.acns.nwu.edu> <4cvat4$5t0@news.acns.nwu.edu> <4cvb34$5u6@news.acns.nwu.edu> Reply-To: jneatrou@casbah.acns.nwu.edu (John Neatrour) NNTP-Posting-Host: jobe.shell.portal.com Xref: shell.portal.com alt.magick.tyagi:6185 alt.religion.buddhism:127 alt.philosophy.zen:5661 [from talk.religion.buddhism: jneatrou@casbah.acns.nwu.edu (John Neatrour)] [Third in a series] Transcendentalists: Doctrines: SD: 1) the world is mind produced: absolute - conditioned, Nirvana - Samsara, mundane - supramundane 2) all things are names only without substance 3) Buddha has a supramundane as well as mundane aspect 4) bodhisattvas can appear in lower modes of existence to teach K: 1) "The Buddha lives in the world but is untainted by it" thus there is a transcendent aspect of Buddhahood. 2) giver-giving-recipient denied that the purity of a gift depended on purity of recipient denied reality of giver only giving has value 3) evaluated Action only, denied Subject or Object Shambhala: Mahasanghika / | | \ / | | \----------\ / | | \ Ekavyahavarika Bahushrutiya Prajnaptivada Gokulika | | Lokottarivada Chaitika Conze: Mahasanghika | | 200 BE ----------------------------------------- | | | | | | Ekavyahavarika Gokulika | | | | | Lokottarivada Bahushrutiya Prajnaptivada Chaitika 300 BE | | ----------------------------------------------------- | | | | Purvasaila Aparasaila Rajagirika Siddharthika -- To ensure my response CC all public replies to email (READ alt.magick.tyagi) (emailed replies may be posted) * http://www.hollyfeld.org/~tyagi/nagasiva.html INTENTIONAL .SIG PROTEST: FUCK SHIT PISS COCKSUCKER MOTHERFUCKER TITS CUNT Path: shell.portal.com!shell.portal.com!not-for-mail From: tyagi@houseofkaos.abyss.com (nagasiva) Newsgroups: alt.magick.tyagi,alt.religion.buddhism,alt.philosophy.zen Subject: JNeatrour: Buddhist Sects Followup-To: alt.magick.tyagi,alt.religion.buddhism,alt.philosophy.zen,talk.religion.buddhism Date: 12 Jan 1996 15:11:57 -0800 Organization: Portal Communications (shell) Lines: 40 Sender: tyagi@shell.portal.com Message-ID: <4d6prt$fd9@jobe.shell.portal.com> References: <4cvaln$5qo@news.acns.nwu.edu> <4cvapj$5s8@news.acns.nwu.edu> <4cvat4$5t0@news.acns.nwu.edu> <4cvb34$5u6@news.acns.nwu.edu> <4cvb7p$637@news.acns.nwu.edu> Reply-To: jneatrou@casbah.acns.nwu.edu (John Neatrour) NNTP-Posting-Host: jobe.shell.portal.com Xref: shell.portal.com alt.magick.tyagi:6186 alt.religion.buddhism:128 alt.philosophy.zen:5662 [from talk.religion.buddhism: jneatrou@casbah.acns.nwu.edu (John Neatrour)] [Fourth in a series] Personalists or Pudgalavada: Founder: Vatsiputra (a student of Sariputra) Active: Doctrines: SD: 1) there is a person (pudgala) neither identical with the aggregates (skandhas) nor different from them. 2) the person is the basis of rebirth, warrants karmic reaction, and can continue to exist upon entry into Nirvana. K: 1) Personalist agrees with Sthavira that truth and reality are inexpressible. 2) Sthavira criticizes Personalist as saying 'person' exists in truth and reality. 280 BC Vatsiputriya | | --------------------------------------- | | | | 100 BC Dharmattariya Bhadrayanuya Sammatiya Sannagarika | --------- | | Avantaka Kaurukulla -- To ensure my response CC all public replies to email (READ alt.magick.tyagi) (emailed replies may be posted) * http://www.hollyfeld.org/~tyagi/nagasiva.html INTENTIONAL .SIG PROTEST: FUCK SHIT PISS COCKSUCKER MOTHERFUCKER TITS CUNT Path: shell.portal.com!shell.portal.com!not-for-mail From: tyagi@houseofkaos.abyss.com (nagasiva) Newsgroups: alt.magick.tyagi,alt.religion.buddhism,alt.philosophy.zen,talk.religion.buddhism Subject: JNeatrour: Buddhist Sects Followup-To: alt.magick.tyagi,alt.religion.buddhism,alt.philosophy.zen,talk.religion.buddhism Date: 12 Jan 1996 15:13:25 -0800 Organization: Portal Communications (shell) Lines: 86 Sender: tyagi@shell.portal.com Message-ID: <4d6pul$fj6@jobe.shell.portal.com> References: <4cvaln$5qo@news.acns.nwu.edu <4cvat4$5t0@news.acns.nwu.edu> <4cvb34$5u6@news.acns.nwu.edu> <4cvb7p$637@news.acns.nwu.edu> <4cvbgl$65i@news.acns.nwu.edu> Reply-To: jneatrou@casbah.acns.nwu.edu (John Neatrour) NNTP-Posting-Host: jobe.shell.portal.com Xref: shell.portal.com alt.magick.tyagi:6187 alt.religion.buddhism:129 alt.philosophy.zen:5663 talk.religion.buddhism:15226 [from talk.religion.buddhism: jneatrou@casbah.acns.nwu.edu (John Neatrour)] [Fifth in a series] Analytical Realists: (Sh 240 BCE) Vibhajyavada | ----------------------- | | | Theravada Mahishasaka Kashyapipa | | Dharmaguptaka VIBHAJYAVADA: (240 BCE - 7th c CE) ------------- (simply an umbrella classification for the subsects? - jn) THERAVADA: --------- Founder: Moggaliputta-tissa Active: ( ~240 BCE - present) Sri Lanka, Burma, Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam Europe, the Americas Doctrines: (SD) 1) emphasis on individual working on self liberation. 2) monastic arhat is practice ideal. 3) lay meditation practice recently encouraged. Texts: Sutras: Pali Sutras Pali Vinaya with 227 monks rules Pali Abhidharma (includes Kathavatthu by Moggaliputta-tissa) Commentaries: Milindapanha Visuddhimagga by Buddhaghosa (4c CE) Influenced Mahayana: MAHISHASAKA: ------------ Doctrines: (SD) present phenomena are real, not past and future DHARMAGUPTAKA: ------------- Founder: Dharmagupta a Sinhalese monk (SD) Active: South India (SD) Doctrine: (SD) Offerings to the Buddha not the Sangha are greatly meritorious. (Actions evaluated in terms of Object.) Texts: Sutras: 4 Part Vinaya with 250 monks rules, 348 for nuns. Commentaries: Influenced Mahayana: through Vinaya -- To ensure my response CC all public replies to email (READ alt.magick.tyagi) (emailed replies may be posted) * http://www.hollyfeld.org/~tyagi/nagasiva.html INTENTIONAL .SIG PROTEST: FUCK SHIT PISS COCKSUCKER MOTHERFUCKER TITS CUNT Path: shell.portal.com!shell.portal.com!not-for-mail From: tyagi@houseofkaos.abyss.com (nagasiva) Newsgroups: alt.magick.tyagi,alt.religion.buddhism,alt.philosophy.zen Subject: JNeatrour: Buddhist Sects Followup-To: alt.magick.tyagi,alt.religion.buddhism,alt.philosophy.zen,talk.religion.buddhism Date: 12 Jan 1996 15:15:05 -0800 Organization: Portal Communications (shell) Lines: 78 Sender: tyagi@shell.portal.com Message-ID: <4d6q1p$fq0@jobe.shell.portal.com> References: <4cvaln$5qo@news.acns.nwu.edu> <4cvb34$5u6@news.acns.nwu.edu> <4cvb7p$637@news.acns.nwu.edu> <4cvbgl$65i@news.acns.nwu.edu> <4cvbrg$6ar@news.acns.nwu.edu> Reply-To: jneatrou@casbah.acns.nwu.edu (John Neatrour) NNTP-Posting-Host: jobe.shell.portal.com Xref: shell.portal.com alt.magick.tyagi:6188 alt.religion.buddhism:130 alt.philosophy.zen:5664 [from talk.religion.buddhism: jneatrou@casbah.acns.nwu.edu (John Neatrour)] [Sixth in a series] Absolute Realists: (Conze 236 BE) Sarvastivada / Vaibhasika | | (Conze 350 BE, SD 150 BCE) Sautrantika SARVASTIVADA: ------------- Founder: Active: N India, Kashmir, China. Doctrines: (SD) 1) denies reality of self as substance or soul 2) affirms reality of dharmas 3) conditioned dharmas do not come into existence but simply change from latent to manifest state 4) early form of trikaya (three body) doctrine of Buddhahood Texts: Sutras: Sanskrit Sutras (in Chinese translation) Sanskrit Vinaya (only Vinaya-vibhasa survives) Sanskrit Abhidharma (portions may be older than the Pali Abhidharma but the present form is due to Vasubandhu) Commentaries: Abhidharmahridaya Lokaprajnapti (a mythical cosmology) Mahavibhasa edited under Vasumitra Vibhasa by Katyaniputra Abhidharmakosa by Vasubandhu (4th c CE) Influenced Mahayana: through Abhidharma and Vunaya SAUTRANTIKA: ----------- Founder: Active: Doctrines: (SD) 1) dharmas exist only momentarily, duration is an illusion 2) subtle consciousness _only_ persists for causal continuity 3) subtle consciousness reabsorbs other four skandhas at death (or in between moments?) for instance Texts: Sutras: Sutras only Rejected Abhidharma in toto (Mahaparinirvana Sutra says to rely on teaching (sutras) and discipline (vinaya) without mentioning a higher teaching (abhidharma).) Commentaries: Influence on Mahayana : Yogacara That's all for now. Mahayana will come out later if there is interest. Also I will update these if there is interest. jn -- To ensure my response CC all public replies to email (READ alt.magick.tyagi) (emailed replies may be posted) * http://www.hollyfeld.org/~tyagi/nagasiva.html INTENTIONAL .SIG PROTEST: FUCK SHIT PISS COCKSUCKER MOTHERFUCKER TITS CUNT
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